Messier 59 is a bright elliptical galaxy and a prominent member of the Virgo Cluster, discovered by Johann Gottfried Koehler in 1779 and cataloged by Charles Messier soon after. Its smooth, elongated appearance contrasts with the more structured spirals nearby, making it a classic example of an elliptical system for astrophotographers. The galaxy’s bright core and gradual halo are easily captured in medium-sized telescopes, while deep exposures can reveal faint extensions and a few background galaxies in the field. M59’s location among a dense grouping of Virgo Cluster galaxies allows astrophotographers to frame it alongside other fascinating targets in wide-field images.
Names and Catalog numbers
- Messier 59
- M59
- NGC 4621
- UGC 7858
- PGC 42628
Position and the cosmic neighborhood
Messier 59 is located in the eastern part of the Virgo Cluster, nestled between the stars Vindemiatrix (Epsilon Virginis) and Denebola (Beta Leonis), and close to several other Messier galaxies like M58, M60, and M89. The region is densely populated with galaxies, making it a prime area for deep-sky imaging and galaxy group compositions. In wide-field views, M59 can be seen alongside M60 and NGC 4638, adding context and depth to astrophotographic images. The cosmic neighborhood is a treasure trove for galaxy hunters, with dozens of faint galaxies scattered throughout the field.
Nice to Know
- M59 is one of the most massive elliptical galaxies in the Virgo Cluster and contains a supermassive black hole at its center.
- The galaxy has hosted at least one observed supernova, SN 1939B.
- M59 has a relatively high ellipticity, giving it a noticeably elongated shape compared to most elliptical galaxies.
- Astrophotographers often capture M59 together with M60 in a single frame, highlighting the diversity of galaxy types in the Virgo Cluster.
Brightnes, distance and size
Messier 59 has an apparent magnitude of about 9.8, making it visible in small to medium telescopes under dark skies, with its oval shape and bright core easily discernible. The galaxy is approximately 60 million light-years away from Earth and measures about 90,000 light-years in diameter. Its apparent size is roughly 5.4 by 3.7 arcminutes, making it a moderately sized but striking target for astrophotography, especially when imaged together with neighboring galaxies in the Virgo Cluster.
